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Abdul-Aziz, A, Suresh, S and Renukappa, S (2020) The conundrum of professionalising building surveying in Malaysia. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 621–34.

Aboshia, A M A, Rahmat, R A, Zain, M F M and Ismail, A (2017) Enhancing mortar strengths by ternary geopolymer binder of metakaolin, slag, and palm ash. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 438–55.

Baharudin, M R, Nasruddin, H N, Rahman, A A, Mahadi, M R and Noor, S B M (2018) Numerical model for individual time calculation for evacuation among secondary students. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 450–70.

Chung, H C P and Adeyeye, K (2018) Structural flood damage and the efficacy of property-level flood protection. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 471–99.

Costin, G, Nakai Kidd, A, Simon, T and Edwards, D J (2019) Collaborative procurement and private-sector housebuilding and refurbishment works. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 699–717.

Esteves, I C, Medeiros-Junior, R A and Medeiros, M H (2018) NDT for bridges durability assessment on urban-industrial environment in Brazil. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 500–15.

Falorca, J F (2019) Main functions for building maintenance management: an outline application. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 490–509.

Fasna, M and Gunatilake, S (2020) Roles and functions of stakeholders in implementing energy retrofits in the hotel sector. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 737–51.

Fatayer, F A, Hassanain, M A, Abdallah, A and Al-Hammad, A (2019) Investigation of facilities management practices for providing feedback during the design development and review stages. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 597–614.

Glew, D, Smith, M B, Miles-Shenton, D and Gorse, C (2017) Assessing the quality of retrofits in solid wall dwellings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 501–18.

Hassanain, M A, Al-Zahrani, M, Abdallah, A and Sayed, A M (2019) Assessment of factors affecting maintenance cost of public school facilities. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 528–46.

Hassanain, M A, Sanni-Anibire, M O, Mahmoud, A S and Ahmed, W (2019) Post-occupancy evaluation of research and academic laboratory facilities. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 797–810.

Hauashdh, A, Jailani, J, Abdul Rahman, I and AL-fadhali, N (2020) Building maintenance practices in Malaysia: a systematic review of issues, effects and the way forward. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 653–72.

Ibbotson, K and Farrell, P (2019) The challenges of prioritising low carbon in public sector Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management (FCERM) construction. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 615–28.

Ismail, Z (2019) Developing a maintenance index framework for heritage concrete buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 510–27.

Kıran Çakır, H, Aydın, D and Arabulan, S (2020) Adaptive reuse of open spaces in historical buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 703–19.

Kaasalainen, T and Huuhka, S (2020) Existing apartment buildings as a spatial reserve for assisted living. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 753–69.

Kikwasi, G and Mbuya, E (2019) Vulnerability analysis of building structures to floods. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 629–56.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Tanzania; Buildings; Vulnerability; Floods; Climate change; Informal settlements;
• ISBN/ISSN: 2398-4708
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBPA-07-2018-0056
• Abstract:
  There is evidence of increasing urban floods being aftermath of climate change. The purpose of this paper is to present findings-related analysis of vulnerability of building structures in informal settlements to floods and associated coping strategies. The study adopted a case study strategy, supported by field surveys and laboratory experiments. The informal settlement taken as case study is Sunna sub-ward. Field surveys involved interviews, questionnaires and observations and tests were conducted to determine the strength of walls, blocks and mortar. The findings reveal that vulnerability of building structures to floods are due to poor quality of materials used in construction of houses which are influenced by income levels, location (lower areas of Sunna sub-ward) and inadequate storm water drainage system. Moreover, socio-economic vulnerabilities do exist in the settlements and are related to lack of peace of mind, outbreak of disease and expenses related to repairing of flood affected houses. Coping strategies used in the sub-ward for built structures are building barrier walls at the front door of the house and use multiple strategies which are supported by reactive and recovery strategies. The findings of this study were mostly affected by limited knowledge of respondents on construction materials and processes. Findings of the paper provide an insight on the effects of climate change on building structures in informal settlements and coping strategies in place to protect buildings. The outputs can be used for any other informal settlement in Dar es Salaam the only limitation is the terrain. The paper recommends use of quality building materials and technicians/artisans, improvement of surface water drainage and training of residents on the effects of climate change and variability. In addition, promising coping strategies should be adopted while those under-performing should be discouraged as they increase the cost burden among the urban poor.

M., A (2019) An empirical study on life cycle assessment of double-glazed aluminium-clad timber windows. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 547–64.

Marzouk, M, ElSharkawy, M, Elsayed, P and Eissa, A (2020) Resolving deterioration of heritage building elements using an expert system. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 721–35.

Nieboer, N (2017) Improving energy performance of Dutch homes: coping with general investment behaviours. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 488–500.

Ojo, G K, Adeyeye, G M, Opawole, A and Kajimo-Shakantu, K (2019) Gender differences in workplace stress response strategies of quantity surveyors in Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 718–32.

Oladokun, V O, Proverbs, D G and Lamond, J (2017) Measuring flood resilience: a fuzzy logic approach. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 470–87.

Owusu-Manu, D, Edwards, D J, Donkor-Hyiaman, K A, Asiedu, R O, Hosseini, M R and Obiri-Yeboah, E (2019) Housing attributes and relative house prices in Ghana. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 733–46.

Pakkala, T A, Köliö, A, Lahdensivu, J and Pentti, M (2019) Predicted corrosion rate on outdoor exposed concrete structures. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 679–98.

Peng, Z, Deng, W and Hong, Y (2019) Materials consumption, indoor thermal comfort and associated energy flows of urban residential buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 579–96.

Pourebrahimi, M, Eghbali, S R and Pereira Roders, A (2020) Identifying building obsolescence: towards increasing buildings' service life. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 635–52.

Sanni-Anibire, M O, Hassanain, M A, Mahmoud, A S and Ahmed, W (2018) An evaluation of the functional performance of research and academic laboratories using the space syntax approach. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 516–28.

Sharifi, A A and Farahinia, A H (2020) Evaluation of the future adaptive reuse of Mashrooteh house using the adaptSTAR model. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 771–84.

Shirleyana, Hawken, S and Sunindijo, R Y (2018) City of Kampung: risk and resilience in the urban communities of Surabaya, Indonesia. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 543–68.

Sohail, M G, Salih, M, Al Nuaimi, N and Kahraman, R (2019) Corrosion performance of mild steel and epoxy coated rebar in concrete under simulated harsh environment. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 657–78.

Sundling, R, Olander, S, Wallentén, P, Burke, S, Bernardo, R and Blomsterberg, & (2019) Lifecycle profit analysis of prefabricated multi-active façades. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 37(05), 565–78.

Swan, W, Fitton, R, Smith, L, Abbott, C and Smith, L (2017) Adoption of sustainable retrofit in UK social housing 2010-2015. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 35(05), 456–69.

Wilkinson, S, Biloria, N and Ralph, P (2020) The technical issues associated with algae building technology. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 673–88.

Yazdani Mehr, S and Wilkinson, S (2018) Technical issues and energy efficient adaptive reuse of heritage listed city halls in Queensland Australia. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 36(05), 529–42.

Yazdani Mehr, S and Wilkinson, S (2020) The importance of place and authenticity in adaptive reuse of heritage buildings. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 689–701.

Zhang, K (2020) Energy-saving parameterized design of buildings based on genetic algorithm. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation, 38(05), 785–95.