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Adeyemi, B S and Aigbavboa, C O (2020) Conflict factors investigation among construction professionals in Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1121–37.

Aghimien, D O, Aigbavboa, C O, Oke, A E and Thwala, W D (2019) Mapping out research focus for robotics and automation research in construction-related studies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1063–79.

Agyekum, K, Adinyira, E, Baiden, B, Ampratwum, G and Duah, D (2019) Barriers to the adoption of green certification of buildings. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 1035–55.

Al-Saeed, Y, Parn, E, Edwards, D J and Scaysbrook, S (2019) A conceptual framework for utilising BIM digital objects (BDO) in manufacturing design and production. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 960–84.

Arowoiya, V A, Oke, A E, Aigbavboa, C O and Aliu, J (2020) An appraisal of the adoption internet of things (IoT) elements for sustainable construction. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 18(05), 1193–208.

Asad, M M, Hassan, R B, Sherwani, F, Rind, I A and Maiji, Y (2019) Development of a novel safety and health educational management information system (HAZ-PRO) for oil and gas production operation. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 959–71.

Babatunde, S O, Ekundayo, D, Babalola, O and Jimoh, J A (2018) Analysis of the drivers and benefits of BIM incorporation into quantity surveying profession. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(05), 750–66.

Blindheim, J, Elverum, C W, Welo, T and Steinert, M (2020) Concept evaluation in new product development. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1139–51.

Borer, J (2020) Object oriented design of safety critical programmable equipment systems. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1081–9.

Chaparro, D A, Ying, F J, Rotimi, F E and Egbelakin, T (2020) Commute and labour productivity: investigation of inner city construction sites. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1305–19.

Dave, N, Sahu, V and Misra, A K (2020) Development of geopolymer cement concrete for highway infrastructure applications. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1321–33.

Davila Delgado, J M and Oyedele, L O (2020) BIM data model requirements for asset monitoring and the circular economy. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1269–85.

Derradji, R and Hamzi, R (2020) Multi-criterion analysis based on integrated process-risk optimization. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1015–35.

Dosumu, O and Aigbavboa, C O (2018) Adoption of light steel (LS) for building projects in South Africa. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(05), 711–33.

Eziefula, U G, Opara, H E and Eziefula, B I (2020) Strength of concrete produced with different sources of aggregates from selected parts of Abia and Imo States of Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1053–61.

Fei, C, Xiahou, P and Wang, F (2020) Design and control of grid connected inverter for harmonic suppression. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1349–56.

Gamil, Y and Rahman, I A R (2019) Awareness and challenges of building information modelling (BIM) implementation in the Yemen construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 1077–84.

Gamil, Y, A. Abdullah, M, Abd Rahman, I and Asad, M M (2020) Internet of things in construction industry revolution 4.0. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1091–102.

Gbadamosi, S L and Nwulu, N I (2020) Optimal planning of renewable energy systems for power loss reduction in transmission expansion planning. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1209–22.

Gharehbaghi, K, McManus, K, Hurst, N, Robson, K and Myers, M (2019) Complexities in mega rail transportation projects. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 973–90.

Gupta, N K and Thakre, G D (2020) Dry sliding wear performance on self-healing Al6061 composites. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1357–70.

He, W, Shi, Y and Kong, D (2019) Construction of a 5D duration and cost optimisation model based on genetic algorithm and BIM. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 929–42.

Hussin, M H, Othman, N H and Wan Ibrahim, M H (2019) Carbonation of concrete containing mussel (Perna viridis) shell ash. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 904–28.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Calcareous replacement; Concrete carbonation; Mussel shell ash ({[}Perna viridis{]}); Ordinary Portland cement;
• ISBN/ISSN: 1726-0531
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/JEDT-12-2018-0228
• Abstract:
  This paper aims to investigate the use of calcined mussel shell (CMS) ash–cement mix in concrete that is found to increase the concrete resistance against carbonation. The deposited ash from the calcination of the mussel shells at 1000°C was used to replace the ordinary Portland cement at 5 and 7 per cent of the cement weight. The test results from the control concrete specimens were compared to the test results from the experimental concrete specimens to analyse the effects due to the said replacements. Carbonation was carried out naturally in the environment where the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas was at 0.03 per cent, the relative humidity of 65 per cent and the temperature of 27°C for a maximum period of 120 days. Measurement of carbonation depth was taken in accordance to the BS EN 13295: 2004. The carbonation resistance of the concrete was assessed based on the degree of compliance with the common design life requirement of 50 years. The filler effect from the CMS was verified using the capillary absorption test (ASTM C1585: 2013) and the electron microscope. Experimental concrete specimens containing 5 and 7 per cent of the CMS ash demonstrated better carbonation resistance compared to the control concrete specimens with a minimum attainable design life of 56 years which can reach a maximum of 62 years. Capillary absorption test results indicated that the concrete pores have been effected by the said filler effect and visual observation from the electron microscope confirmed, solidifying the statement. The CMS ash is proven to contribute to the concrete’s resistance against carbonation. Also, the CMS ash is synthesized from waste materials which have contributed to the application of the green material in the concrete technology.

Jun, Z, Akbar, M A and Xin lei, W (2020) Optimization of design and measurement principle of six-components force/thrust measurement stand. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1371–9.

Khamseh, A and Marei, P (2020) Designing a model developed to assess the capabilities of technological innovation in Iranian construction of power plant equipment industries. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1241–9.

Kissi, E, Ahadzie, D K, Adjei-Kumi, T and Badu, E (2017) Rethinking the challenges to the pricing of projects in the Ghanaian construction industry. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(05), 700-19.

Koranteng, C, Simons, B and Essel, C (2019) Climate responsive buildings: a comfort assessment of buildings on KNUST campus, Kumasi. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 862–77.

Li, H, Xia, Q, Wang, L and Ma, Y (2020) Sustainability assessment of urban water environment treatment public-private partnership projects using fuzzy logic. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1251–67.

Maina, W and van Graan, A (2017) Identifying path-breaking transitions for Kenya’s marginalised communities in water and sanitation provision. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(05), 689-99.

Mbae, A M and Nwulu, N I (2020) Day-ahead load forecasting using improved grey Verhulst model. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1335–48.

Ogunsina, O, Ekwus Obiegbu, M and Adeniyi, O (2018) Factors confronting quantity surveying practice: the case of Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(05), 767–82.

Okampo, E J and Nwulu, N I (2020) Optimal energy mix for a reverse osmosis desalination unit considering demand response. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1287–303.

Oke, A E, Aigbavboa, C O and Raphiri, M M (2017) Students’ satisfaction with hostel accommodations in higher education institutions. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(05), 652-66.

Okojie, D E, Jimoh, A A, Hamam, Y and Yusuff, A A (2019) Optimal capacity utilisation of transmission lines network in power flow operations: a survey. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 1056–76.

Olatunde, N A and Alao, O O (2017) Quantitative appraisal of cost and time performance of construction projects in public and private universities in Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(05), 619-34.

Osman, B and Zhu, H (2020) A virtual educational model on a CNC milling machine including and excluding two methods of fuzzy controllers. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1153–63.

Owusu-Manu, D, Asiedu, R O, Edwards, D J, Donkor-Hyiaman, K, Abuntori, P A and El-Gohary, H (2019) An assessment of mortgage loan default propensity in Ghana. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 985–1017.

Poghosyan, A, Manu, P, Mahdjoubi, L, Gibb, A G F, Behm, M and Mahamadu, A (2018) Design for safety implementation factors: a literature review. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(05), 783–97.

Pornthepkasemsant, P and Charoenpornpattana, S (2019) Identification of factors affecting productivity in Thailand’s construction industry and proposed maturity model for improvement of the productivity. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 849–61.

Rajabion, L, Wakil, K, Badfar, A, Mojtabavi Naeini, S and Zareie, B (2019) A new model for assessing the impact of ICT and digital knowledge on students’ thoughts and beliefs. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 943–59.

Santhosh, C (2019) Impact of determinants on early internationalization. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 1018–34.

Shurrab, J and Hussain, M (2018) An empirical study of the impact of lean on the performance of the construction industry in UAE. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(05), 694–710.

Sibanda, V, Mpofu, K, Trimble, J and Kanganga, M (2019) Development of part families for a reconfigurable machine. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 991–1014.

Singh, E and Singh, D P (2017) Architectural profession in India: perception towards service marketing. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(05), 574-90.

Singh, T, Kalra, M and Misra, A K (2020) Simplified probabilistic seismic assessment of dampers in tall and braced structures in buildings. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1037–52.

Soleimani, M and Shahandashti, M (2017) Comparative process-based life-cycle assessment of bioconcrete and conventional concrete. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(05), 667-88.

Tangwe, S L and Simon, M (2018) Impact of standby losses and isotherm blanket contributions on the hot water cylinders of various heating technologies. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(05), 798–810.

Thanaraj, D P, N., A and Arulraj, P (2019) Experimental investigation of mechanical properties and physical characteristics of concrete under standard fire exposure. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 17(05), 878–903.

Wang, L (2020) Home intelligent lighting control system based on wireless sensor. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1231–40.

Woju, U W and Balu, A (2020) Fuzzy uncertainty and its applications in reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1175–91.

Woju, U W and Balu, A (2020) Time-dependent safety performance of reinforced concrete structures. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1103–20.

Xia, Y (2020) Research on dynamic data monitoring of steel structure building information using BIM. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1165–73.

Yan, J (2020) 3D printing optimization algorithm based on back-propagation neural network. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 1223–30.

Yang, W, Misheng, L, Lijun, S, Hao, T and Hongwei, M (2017) Compact design strategies of cultural centres in South China. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(05), 635-51.

Yap, J B H, Low, P L and Wang, C (2017) Rework in Malaysian building construction: impacts, causes and potential solutions. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 15(05), 591-618.

Zadok, Y (2019) Project-based learning in robotics meets junior high school. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology , 18(05), 941–58.

Zhang, X, Wang, M, Zhou, B and Wang, X (2018) Influence of factors on collapse risk of loess tunnel: a multi-index assessment model. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 16(05), 734–49.