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Abu El-Maaty, A E, El-Kholy, A M and Akal, A Y (2017) Modeling schedule overrun and cost escalation percentages of highway projects using fuzzy approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(05), 809-27.

Agyekum-Mensah, G and Knight, A D (2017) The professionals’ perspective on the causes of project delay in the construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(05), 828-41.

Akanmu, A and Anumba, C J (2015) Cyber-physical systems integration of building information models and the physical construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(05), 516-35.

Al-Ghassani, A M, Kamara, J M, Anumba, C J and Carrillo, P M (2004) An innovative approach to identifying knowledge management problems. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 349–57.

Al-Jibouri, S H and Mawdesley, M J (2001) Design and experience with a computer game for teaching construction project planning and control. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(05), 418–27.

Albogamy, A and Dawood, N (2015) Development of a client-based risk management methodology for the early design stage of construction processes: Applied to the KSA. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(05), 493-515.

Alves, T d C L, Milberg, C and Walsh, K D (2012) Exploring lean construction practice, research, and education. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(05), 512-25.

Arain, F M and Pheng, L S (2007) Modeling for management of variations in building projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 14(05), 420–33.

Arditi, D, Ayrancioglu, M and Shi, J J (2005) Worker safety issues in night-time highway construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 12(05), 487–501.

Bosher, L, Dainty, A, Carrillo, P and Glass, J (2007) Built-in resilience to disasters: a pre-emptive approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 14(05), 434–46.

Bresnen, M and Marshall, N (2001) Understanding the diffusion and application of new management ideas in construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(05), 335–45.

Cameron, I, Hare, B and Duff, R (2013) An analysis of safety advisor roles and site safety performance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 20(05), 505-21.

Chan, A P C and Oppong, G D (2017) Managing the expectations of external stakeholders in construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(05), 736-56.

Chan, C T W and Sher, W (2014) Exploring AEC education through collaborative learning. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(05), 532-50.

Chang, R-D, Zuo, J, Soebarto, V, Zhao, Z-Y and Zillante, G (2017) Dynamic interactions between sustainability and competitiveness in construction firms: A transition perspective. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(05), 842-59.

Chang, Y, Wilkinson, S, Potangaroa, R and Seville, E (2012) Managing resources in disaster recovery projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(05), 557-80.

Charoenngam, C and Sriprasert, E (2001) Assessment of cost control systems: a case study of Thai construction organizations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(05), 368–80.

Che Ibrahim, C K I, Costello, S B and Wilkinson, S (2018) Making sense of team integration practice through the “lived experience” of alliance project teams. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(05), 598–622.

Chong, H-Y and Oon, C K (2016) A practical approach in clarifying legal drafting: Delphi and case study in Malaysia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(05), 610-21.

Christabel Man-Fong, H (2011) Ethics management for the construction industry: A review of ethical decision-making literature. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 18(05), 516–37.

Chritamara, S, Ogunlana, S O and Bach, N L (2001) Investigating the effect of initial scope establishment on the performance of a project through system dynamics modelling. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(05), 381–92.

Cox, A and Ireland, P (2002) Managing construction supply chains: the common sense approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(05), 409–18.

Cuervo, J C and Pheng, L S (2003) Significance of location factors for Singapore transnational construction corporations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 10(05), 342–53.

Das, M, Cheng, J C P and Law, K H (2015) An ontology-based web service framework for construction supply chain collaboration and management. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(05), 551-72.

David, J E and Gary, D H (2010) Case study analysis of construction excavator H&S overturn incidents. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 17(05), 493–511.

Davis, P R and Walker, D H T (2009) Building capability in construction projects: a relationship-based approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 16(05), 475–89.

Dawood, N and Sikka, S (2009) Development of 4D based performance indicators in construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 16(05), 438–58.

de Valence, G (2019) Reframing construction within the built environment sector. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(05), 740–5.

Denny-Smith, G and Loosemore, M (2017) Integrating indigenous enterprises into the Australian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(05), 788-808.

Ding, Z, Zuo, J, Wang, J and Zillante, G (2016) Searching for niche market for engineering consultants: Case of regional supervision systems in China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(05), 622-37.

Edum-Fotwe, F T, Gibb, A G F and Benford-Miller, M (2004) Reconciling construction innovation and standardisation on major projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 366–72.

Egbu, C O (2004) Managing knowledge and intellectual capital for improved organizational innovations in the construction industry: an examination of critical success factors. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 301–15.

El-Omari, S and Moselhi, O (2009) Data acquisition from construction sites for tracking purposes. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 16(05), 490–503.

El-Sayegh, S (2018) Resource levelling optimization model considering float loss impact. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(05), 639–53.

Ellis, R C T, Wood, G D and Thorpe, T (2004) Technology-based learning and the project manager. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 358–65.

Emmanuel, K C and Steven, G (2010) A comparative study of truck cycle time prediction methods in open-pit mining. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 17(05), 446–60.

Fernie, S, Green, S D and Weller, S J (2003) Dilettantes, discipline and discourse: requirements management for construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 10(05), 354–67.

Fo, S, Marsh, x and Cockerham, G (2002) How building design imperatives constrain construction productivity and quality. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(05), 378–87.

Formoso, C T, Tzortzopoulos, P and Liedtke, R (2002) A model for managing the product development process in house building. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(05), 419–32.

Forsythe, P (2008) Modelling customer perceived service quality in housing construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(05), 485–96.

Fortune, C and Cox, O (2005) Current practices in building project contract price forecasting in the UK. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 12(05), 446–57.

Fulford, R G (2019) The implications of the construction industry to national wealth. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(05), 779–93.

Gambo, N, Said, I and Ismail, R (2016) Comparing the levels of performance of small scale local government contractors in northern Nigeria with international practice. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(05), 588-609.

Gil, N, Tommelein, I D, Kirkendall, R L and Ballard, G (2001) Leveraging speciality-contractor knowledge in design-build organizations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(05), 355–67.

Gonzalez-Ruiz, J D, Arboleda, A, Botero, S and Rojo, J (2019) Investment valuation model for sustainable infrastructure systems. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(05), 850–84.

Haji Karimian, S, Mbachu, J, Egbelakin, T and Shahzad, W (2019) Improving efficiency in roading projects: a New Zealand study. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(05), 827–49.

Hare, B, Cameron, I and Duff, A R (2006) Exploring the integration of health and safety with pre-construction planning. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 13(05), 438–50.

Harris, R A and Scott, S (2001) UK practice in dealing with claims for delay. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(05), 317–24.

Hartmann, A and Girmscheid, G (2004) The innovation potential of integrated services and its utilisation through co-operation. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 335–41.

Hassanein, A A G and Khalifa, R A (2007) Financial and operational performance indicators applied to public and private water and wastewater utilities. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 14(05), 479–92.

Hassanein, A A G and Khalil, B N L (2006) Building Egypt 1 � a general indicator cost index for the Egyptian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 13(05), 463–80.

Hassanein, A A G and Nemr, W E (2008) Claims management in the Egyptian industrial construction sector: a contractor's perspective. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(05), 456–69.

Haugbølle, K, Larsen, J N and Nielsen, J (2019) Construction productivity revisited: towards measuring performance of construction output. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(05), 794–813.

Heng, H K S and Loosemore, M (2013) Structural holes in hospital organisations: Facilities managers as intrapreneurial brokers in the tertiary health sector. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 20(05), 474-87.

Heravi, G and Ilbeigi, M (2012) Development of a comprehensive model for construction project success evaluation by contractors. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(05), 526-42.

Hsieh, H-Y and Forster, J (2006) Residential construction quality and production levels in Taiwan. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 13(05), 502–20.

Hu, L and Wu, H (2016) Exploratory study on risk management of state-owned construction enterprises in China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(05), 674-91.

Hughes, W (2003) A comparison of two editions of the RIBA Plan of Work. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 10(05), 302–11.

Ibrahim, A D, Price, A D F and Dainty, A R J (2009) Evaluation of key practices under the Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) initiative for UK healthcare facilities. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 16(05), 504–18.

Ilhan, B and Yobas, B (2019) Measuring construction for social, economic and environmental assessment. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(05), 746–65.

Ingirige, B and Sexton, M (2006) Alliances in construction: Investigating initiatives and barriers for long-term collaboration. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 13(05), 521–35.

Jaeger, M and Adair, D (2013) Organisational culture of construction project managers in the GCC countries. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 20(05), 461-73.

Jane, L J H, Vivian, W Y T, Yuan, H P, Wang, J Y and Li, J R (2010) Dynamic modeling of construction and demolition waste management processes: An empirical study in Shenzhen, China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 17(05), 476–92.

Jefferies, M (2006) Critical success factors of public private sector partnerships: A case study of the Sydney SuperDome. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 13(05), 451–62.

Jefferies, M and McGeorge, W D (2009) Using public-private partnerships (PPPs) to procure social infrastructure in Australia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 16(05), 415–37.

Jefferies, M, Brewer, G J and Gajendran, T (2014) Using a case study approach to identify critical success factors for alliance contracting. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(05), 465-80.

Karim, J A, Demian, P, Baldwin, A and Anumba, C (2014) An empirical study of the complexity of requirements management in construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(05), 505-31.

Karimidorabati, S, Haas, C T and Gray, J (2016) Evaluation of automation levels for construction change management. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(05), 554-70.

Khosrowshahi, F (2015) Enhanced project brief: Structured approach to client-designer interface. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(05), 474-92.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: construction; artificial intelligence; design brief; design development; project strategy; ssadm
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-10-2014-0128
  • Abstract:
    Purpose - The focus of this work is on the client-designer interface where decisions have significant impact over the lifecycle of the project. Therefore, the briefing stage is examined in the context of clients’ needs which is divided into project-based strategy and broader clients’ strategy. The purpose of this paper is to address the pitfalls in the briefing process which has been attributed to the shortcomings in the client-designer communication interfaces. This will be achieved by developing an automated brief generation framework. The research examines the efficiency of standard approaches to modelling and design, and the benefits that these methodologies have offered to the computer industry. The work reviews the similarities between the two industries and argues in support of the potential benefits in adopting a standard methodology in the construction industry. The structure upon which the framework is developed is based on system analysis and design methodology (SSADM) which has proven to be an effective platform used within the software development industry. Design/methodology/approach - SSADM is an established methodology within the software development industry. The paper will demonstrate that due to fundamental similarities between the construction and software development industries, SSADM is likely to offer a viable platform upon which an automated enhanced brief generation model is developed for use in the construction industry. The construction design and construction process will be mapped on SSADM high-level definition before focusing and honing on the design phase. The methodology for the development of the framework will be based on the rationalist approach of generating knowledge through reasoning leading to model-building. Findings - A model that is based on SSADM is proposed for the design development phase of construction projects. In order to shape the project strategy, the model considers the combined role of clients’ requirements with organisation strategy and environmental factors. The paper has shown that it is feasible to increase the automation of the briefing process and enhanced the briefing output. The model here does not diminish the importance of direct communication between the client and the design team. It provides a more structured way of doing so, while taking advantage of vast array of data and technology in order to improve the brief outcome. Research limitations/implications - From practical perspective, the proposed framework is in its formative stage, thus requiring incremental refinement through several case studies. This is particularly true about the AI components of the system which typically rely on extensive data representing the real-case scenarios. Therefore, the work invites further research into the examination of various parts as well as the overall system. Practical implications - There are several ways by which construction projects are procured. There may be fluctuation in their rate of usage, but while there is no indication of any procurement option fading, new ones such as PPP and PFI are periodically introduced. The existence of this diversity is indicative of the fact that the industry tends to respond to problems rather than attempting to instigate a measured solution supported by theoretical underpinning. Subsequently, there have been suggestions of a communication and information discourse between actors and within processes involved in project lifecycle. This project is aimed at addressing the gap in the client-designer communication. The automated approach to brief generation will lead to better briefs while reducing ambiguities as well as the overhead associated with brief generation. Social implications - The quality of project brief has a significant impact on decisions at the design stage. In turn, these decisions will influence all phases of construction project lifecycle. The briefing session and requirement analysis of a construction project can be very difficult for inexperienced clients particularly for complex projects Therefore, there is potential for the process of client-requirement-analysis to be optimised. The work promises to improve the quality of the briefing process, thus helping clients to realise their intended objectives and minimise resource waste. Originality/value - The work builds on the commonalities of the construction and software development industries and takes advantage of the advancements in the latter. In doing so, project quality is defined quantitatively which is used to develop project strategy in a three-dimensional space. The development of the model was also contingent upon enhancement of artificial neural network structure.

Kristiansen, K, Emmitt, S and Bonke, S (2005) Changes in the Danish construction sector: the need for a new focus. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 12(05), 502–11.

Kululanga, G K and McCaffer, R (2001) Measuring knowledge management for construction organizations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(05), 346–54.

Kumar, V and Lin, E T A (2020) Conceptualizing “COBieEvaluator”. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 1093–118.

Kumaraswamy, M and Dulaimi, M (2001) Empowering innovative improvements through creative construction procurement. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 8(05), 325–34.

Kumaraswamy, M, Love, P E D, Dulaimi, M and Rahman, M (2004) Integrating procurement and operational innovations for construction industry development. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 323–34.

Kwofie, T E, Amos-Abanyie, S and Afram, S O (2016) Principal component analysis of professional competencies of architects in the Ghanaian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(05), 571-87.

Lan, O B, Ling, F Y Y and Soo, A (2014) Information feedback and bidders’ competitiveness in construction bidding. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(05), 571-85.

Leung, M-y, Dongyu, C and Liu, A, M.M. (2014) Impact of values on the learning approaches of Chinese construction students in Hong Kong. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(05), 481-504.

Li, H, Chan, G, Skitmore, M and Huang, T (2015) A 4D automatic simulation tool for construction resource planning: A case study. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(05), 536-50.

Li, S and Ling, F Y Y (2012) Critical strategies for Chinese architectural, engineering and construction firms to achieve profitability. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(05), 495-511.

Lim, E H and Ling, F Y Y (2002) Model for predicting clients' contribution to project success. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(05), 388–95.

Lindhard, S and Larsen, J K (2016) Identifying the key process factors affecting project performance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(05), 657-73.

Ling, F Y Y and Chan, A H M (2008) Internationalizing quantity surveying services. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(05), 440–55.

Ling, F Y Y, Ning, Y, Chang, Y H and Zhang, Z (2018) Human resource management practices to improve project managers’ job satisfaction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(05), 654–69.

Lingard, H, Cooke, T and Gharaie, E (2013) A case study analysis of fatal incidents involving excavators in the Australian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 20(05), 488-504.

Liu, D, Wang, Y, Chen, J and Zhang, Y (2019) Intelligent compaction practice and development: a bibliometric analysis. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 1213–32.

Lopes, J P, Oliveira, R A and Abreu, M I (2019) Estimating the built environment stock in Cape Verde. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(05), 814–26.

Love, P, Edwards, D J, Standing, C and Irani, Z (2009) Beyond the Red Queen syndrome: CRM technology and building material suppliers. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 16(05), 459–74.

Lu, W, Tam, V W, Chen, H and Du, L (2020) A holistic review of research on carbon emissions of green building construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 1065–92.

Maghrebi, M, Sammut, C and Waller, S T (2015) Feasibility study of automatically performing the concrete delivery dispatching through machine learning techniques. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(05), 573-90.

Mahamid, I (2013) Contractors perspective toward factors affecting labor productivity in building construction. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 20(05), 446-60.

Mahdi, H S and Carmichael, D G (2014) An optimal target cost contract with a risk neutral owner. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 21(05), 586-604.

Matsumoto, I T, Stapleton, J, Glass, J and Thorpe, T (2005) Use of process maps to develop a management briefing sheet for a design consultancy. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 12(05), 458–69.

Mensah, I, Adjei-Kumi, T and Nani, G (2016) Duration determination for rural roads using the principal component analysis and artificial neural network. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 23(05), 638-56.

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Moselhi, O, Alkass, S and Al-Hussein, M (2004) Innovative 3D-modelling for selecting and locating mobile cranes. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 373–80.

Murphy, M E and Nahod, M-M (2017) Stakeholder competency in evaluating the environmental impacts of infrastructure projects using BIM. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(05), 718-35.

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Nitithamyong, P and Tan, Z (2007) Determinants for effective performance of external project management consultants in Malaysia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 14(05), 463–78.

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Omran, E and Bingunath, I (2011) Privatisation and manpower capability development: Cases from the Libyan house building sector. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 18(05), 497–515.

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Ruddock, L and Ruddock, S (2019) Wealth measurement and the role of built asset investment: an empirical comparison. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 26(05), 766–78.

Ruthankoon, R and Ogunlana, S O (2003) Testing Hertzberg's two-factor theory in the Thai construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 10(05), 333–41.

Sexton, M and Barrett, P (2004) The role of technology transfer in innovation within small construction firms. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 342–8.

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Singh, A (2003) Accelerated work-schedule design considering efficiency losses for overtime and overmanning. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 10(05), 312–21.

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Steele, J and Murray, M (2004) Creating, supporting and sustaining a culture of innovation. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 11(05), 316–22.

Stephenson, P, Morrey, I, Vacher, P and Ahmed, Z (2002) Acquisition and structuring of knowledge for defect prediction in brickwork mortar. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(05), 396–408.

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Tran, D H and Long, L D (2018) Project scheduling with time, cost and risk trade-off using adaptive multiple objective differential evolution. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 25(05), 623–38.

Tran, D Q, Molenaar, K R and Kolli, B (2017) Implementation of best-value procurement for highway design and construction in the USA. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 24(05), 774-87.

Tzortzopoulos, P, Sexton, M and Cooper, R (2005) Process models implementation in the construction industry: a literature synthesis. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 12(05), 470–86.

Uher, T E and Brand, M C (2008) Claimants' view of the performance of adjudication in new South Wales. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 15(05), 470–84.

Viswanathan, S K and Jha, K N (2020) Critical risk factors in international construction projects. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 1169–90.

Whyte, J, Bouchlaghem, D and Thorpe, A (2002) IT implementation in the construction organization. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(05), 371–7.

Xiao, H and Proverbs, D (2003) Factors influencing contractors performance: an international investigation. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 10(05), 322–32.

Yasser, E, Simaan, M A, Siri, F and Yasser, M (2011) Simulation modeling and sensitivity analysis of a tunneling construction project's supply chain. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 18(05), 462–80.

Yong, Y C and Mustaffa, N E (2012) Analysis of factors critical to construction project success in Malaysia. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 19(05), 543-56.

Yongjian, K, ShouQing, W, Albert, P C C and Esther, C (2011) Understanding the risks in China's PPP projects: ranking of their probability and consequence. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 18(05), 481–96.

Yun, L, Wan, J, Wang, G, Bai, J and Zhang, B (2020) Exploring the missing link between top management team characteristics and megaproject performance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 1039–64.

Zaman, U (2020) Examining the effect of xenophobia on “transnational” mega construction project (MCP) success. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 1119–43.

Zhang, H, Shi, J J and Tam, C-M (2002) Application of simulation related techniques to construction operations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 9(05), 433–45.

Zhang, J, Li, H, Golizadeh, H, Zhao, C, Lyu, S and Jin, R (2020) Reliability evaluation index for the integrated supply chain utilising BIM and lean approaches. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 997–1038.

Zhu, D, Wen, H and Deng, Y (2020) Pro-active warning system for the crossroads at construction sites based on computer vision. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 1145–68.

Zhu, F, Wang, L, Yu, M and Yang, X (2020) Quality of conflict management in construction project context. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(05), 1191–211.

Zongzhi, L (2010) Highway work zone safety audits for safety improvements. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 17(05), 512–26.