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Acre, F and Wyckmans, A (2015) The impact of dwelling renovation on spatial quality: The case of the Arlequin neighbourhood in Grenoble, France. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 268-309.

Adan, H and Fuerst, F (2015) Modelling energy retrofit investments in the UK housing market: A microeconomic approach. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 251-67.

Adekunle, T O (2019) Summer performance, comfort, and heat stress in structural timber buildings under moderate weather conditions. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 220–42.

Attallah, S O, Senouci, A, Kandil, A and Al-Derham, H (2013) Utilization of life-cycle analysis to evaluate sustainability rating systems for construction projects with a case study on Qatar Sustainability Assessment System (QSAS). Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 272-87.

Attia, M K M (2013) LEED as a tool for enhancing affordable housing sustainability in Saudi Arabia: The case of Al-Ghala project. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 224-50.

Azeem, S, Naeem, M A, Waheed, A and Thaheem, M J (2017) Examining barriers and measures to promote the adoption of green building practices in Pakistan. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 6(03), 86-100.

Barthel, P-A (2016) Morocco in the era of eco-urbanism: Building a critical and operational research on an emerging practice in Africa. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 272-88.

Birkeland, J L (2015) Prospects for nature in proposals for urban growth. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 310-4.

Clevenger, C M and Haymaker, J R (2012) The value of design strategies applied to energy efficiency. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 222-40.

Davis, M M, Vallejo Espinosa, A L and Ramirez, F R (2019) Beyond green façades: active air-cooling vertical gardens. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 243–52.

Dizdaroglu, D, Yigitcanlar, T and Dawes, L (2012) A micro-level indexing model for assessing urban ecosystem sustainability. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 291-315.

Dobbelsteen, A v d, Broersma, S, Fremouw, M, Blom, T, Sturkenboom, J and Martin, C (2019) The Amsterdam energy transition roadmap – introducing the City-zen methodology. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 307–20.

Driza, P-J N and Park, N-K (2014) Occupant satisfaction in LEED-certified higher education buildings. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 223-36.

Ene, G U, Goulding, J S and John, G A (2016) Sustainable human capacity development in the African built environment: How far is the journey to a knowledge society?. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 212-31.

GhaffarianHoseini, A, Tookey, J, GhaffarianHoseini, A, Naismith, N and Rotimi, J O B (2016) Integrating alternative technologies to improve built environment sustainability in Africa: Nexus of energy and water. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 193-211.

Gijsbers, R and Lichtenberg, J (2014) Demand driven selection of adaptable building technologies for flexibility-in-use. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 237-60.

Gohardani, N and Björk, F (2012) Sustainable refurbishment in building technology. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 241-52.

Han, Q and Keeffe, G (2019) Stepping stones. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 246–57.

Kamel, M A E (2013) Encouraging walkability in GCC cities: smart urban solutions. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 288-310.

Komolafe, M O, Oyewole, M O and Kolawole, J T (2016) Extent of incorporation of green features in office properties in Lagos, Nigeria. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 232-60.

Liaros, S (2019) Implementing a new human settlement theory. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 258–71.

• Type: Journal Article
• Keywords: Circular economy; Energy transition; Healthy built environment; Information revolution; One planet living; Regenerative development;
• ISBN/ISSN: 2046-6099
• URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-01-2019-0004
• Abstract:
  Whilst the energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables offers significant environmental benefits, the other transition – from a centralised to a distributed energy system – underpins a disruptive model for planning cities, towns and villages. A local energy micro-grid can power a local water micro-grid, which in turn can irrigate a local food system, offering a community the opportunity to harvest, store and distribute food, water and energy within their immediate catchment. A distributed network of regenerative villages, connected virtually and with shared electric vehicles is offered as an alternative vision for future cities. The paper aims to justify this as a preferred model for human settlements and develop an implementation process. This paper asks: Is it inevitable that large cities will keep growing, while rural communities will continue to be deprived of resources and opportunities? Is the flow of people into cities inevitable? To answer this question, the adopted methodology is to take a systems approach, observing town planning processes from a range of different disciplines and perspectives. By contrasting the current centralising city model with a distributed network of villages, this paper offers ten reasons why the distributed network is preferable to centralisation. It is argued that in this time of dramatic technological upheaval, environmental destruction and social inequality, business-as-usual is unacceptable in any field of human endeavour. This paper presents a sketch outlining a new human settlement theory, a different way of living on the land. It is an invitation to academics and practitioners to participate in a debate. The information and energy revolutions, both distributed systems, are reshaping cities.

McGill, G, Oyedele, L O and McAllister, K (2015) An investigation of indoor air quality, thermal comfort and sick building syndrome symptoms in UK energy efficient homes. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 329-48.

Nadim, W (2016) Live-work and adaptable housing in Egypt: A zero commuting concept, lessons learnt from informal developments. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 289-302.

Nguyen, N T H and Dang, H T (2019) Adaptation of “participatory method” in design “for/with/by” the poor community in Tam Thanh, Quang Nam, Vietnam. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 272–82.

Nikou, T and Klotz, L (2014) Application of multi-attribute utility theory for sustainable energy decisions in commercial buildings: A case study. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 207-22.

Oyewole, M O, Ojutalayo, A A and Araloyin, F M (2019) Developers’ willingness to invest in green features in Abuja, Nigeria. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 206–19.

Rahmouni, S and Smail, R (2019) A design approach towards sustainable buildings in Algeria. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 229–45.

Rasdorf, W, Lewis, P, Arocho, I and Hummer, J (2015) Characterizing air pollutant emissions for highway construction projects. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 315-28.

Rodriguez, B X, Simonen, K, Huang, M and De Wolf, C (2019) A taxonomy for Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment (WBLCA). Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 190–205.

Roggema, R (2019) Towards sustainable cities: about redundancy, voids and the potentials of the land. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 283–306.

Rwelamila, P M D and Purushottam, N (2016) Strategic project management as an innovative approach for sustainable green campus buildings in Africa: The need for a paradigm shift. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 261-71.

Sidawi, B and Deakin, M (2013) Diabetes, built environments and (un)healthy lifestyles: The potential of smart city technologies. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 311-23.

Smits, M W M (2019) Toward self-reliant development. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 321–39.

Subasinghe, C (2019) Forsake me not: balcony spaces in codes and cues among on-campus apartment dwellers. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 253–66.

Surf, M S A, Trigunarsyah, B and Susilawati, C (2013) Saudi Arabia's sustainable housing limitations: the experts’ views. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 251-71.

Wågø, S and Berker, T (2014) Architecture as a strategy for reduced energy consumption? An in-depth analysis of residential practices’ influence on the energy performance of passive houses. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 192-206.

Wong, I L, Eames, P and Perera, S (2012) Energy simulations of a transparent-insulated office façade retrofit in London, UK. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 253-76.

Yau, Y (2012) Eco-labels and willingness-to-pay: a Hong Kong study. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 277-90.

Zhai, X, Reed, R and Mills, A (2014) Addressing sustainable challenges in China: The contribution of off-site industrialisation. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 261-74.