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Acre, F and Wyckmans, A (2015) The impact of dwelling renovation on spatial quality: The case of the Arlequin neighbourhood in Grenoble, France. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 268-309.

Adan, H and Fuerst, F (2015) Modelling energy retrofit investments in the UK housing market: A microeconomic approach. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 251-67.

Adekunle, T O (2019) Summer performance, comfort, and heat stress in structural timber buildings under moderate weather conditions. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 220–42.

Attallah, S O, Senouci, A, Kandil, A and Al-Derham, H (2013) Utilization of life-cycle analysis to evaluate sustainability rating systems for construction projects with a case study on Qatar Sustainability Assessment System (QSAS). Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 272-87.

Attia, M K M (2013) LEED as a tool for enhancing affordable housing sustainability in Saudi Arabia: The case of Al-Ghala project. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 224-50.

Azeem, S, Naeem, M A, Waheed, A and Thaheem, M J (2017) Examining barriers and measures to promote the adoption of green building practices in Pakistan. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 6(03), 86-100.

Barthel, P-A (2016) Morocco in the era of eco-urbanism: Building a critical and operational research on an emerging practice in Africa. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 272-88.

Birkeland, J L (2015) Prospects for nature in proposals for urban growth. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 310-4.

Clevenger, C M and Haymaker, J R (2012) The value of design strategies applied to energy efficiency. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 222-40.

Davis, M M, Vallejo Espinosa, A L and Ramirez, F R (2019) Beyond green façades: active air-cooling vertical gardens. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 243–52.

Dizdaroglu, D, Yigitcanlar, T and Dawes, L (2012) A micro-level indexing model for assessing urban ecosystem sustainability. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 291-315.

Dobbelsteen, A v d, Broersma, S, Fremouw, M, Blom, T, Sturkenboom, J and Martin, C (2019) The Amsterdam energy transition roadmap – introducing the City-zen methodology. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 307–20.

Driza, P-J N and Park, N-K (2014) Occupant satisfaction in LEED-certified higher education buildings. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 223-36.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: LEED; lighting; air quality; indoor environmental quality; thermal comfort
  • ISBN/ISSN:
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1108/SASBE-02-2014-0013
  • Abstract:
    Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to quantify occupant satisfaction levels within Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified higher education buildings and determine the extent to which this certification helps designers to deliver successful interior environments. Design/methodology/approach – A web-based adaptation of the Center for the Built Environment's (CBE) Occupant indoor environmental quality Survey was distributed within two LEED-certified higher education buildings at a public university. Occupants were then asked to participate in interviews designed to contextualize survey results and further understand issues identified by building users. Descriptive statistics and a content analysis were utilized to determine satisfaction levels in each building. Findings – In general, LEED certification may be used as an aid for delivering successful interior environments, however, opportunities for enhancing the reliability of this tool were identified. For example, while Building A and Building B exceeded the CBE standards, neither met the 80 percent thermal comfort satisfaction rating recommended in the LEED system. Interviewees identified thermal set points, lack of thermal controls, and cold material finishes as the culprits. Based on study findings and supporting literature, suggestions are made for improving the LEED certification process and integrating post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) into the development of higher education buildings. Originality/value – This study's findings may shed some light on how LEED certification and POEs aid in the production of exemplary higher education facilities. This study helps to inform sustainable practices in higher education settings and serve as a foundation for continued research in the field of sustainable design.

Ene, G U, Goulding, J S and John, G A (2016) Sustainable human capacity development in the African built environment: How far is the journey to a knowledge society?. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 212-31.

GhaffarianHoseini, A, Tookey, J, GhaffarianHoseini, A, Naismith, N and Rotimi, J O B (2016) Integrating alternative technologies to improve built environment sustainability in Africa: Nexus of energy and water. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 193-211.

Gijsbers, R and Lichtenberg, J (2014) Demand driven selection of adaptable building technologies for flexibility-in-use. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 237-60.

Gohardani, N and Björk, F (2012) Sustainable refurbishment in building technology. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 241-52.

Han, Q and Keeffe, G (2019) Stepping stones. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 246–57.

Kamel, M A E (2013) Encouraging walkability in GCC cities: smart urban solutions. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 288-310.

Komolafe, M O, Oyewole, M O and Kolawole, J T (2016) Extent of incorporation of green features in office properties in Lagos, Nigeria. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 232-60.

Liaros, S (2019) Implementing a new human settlement theory. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 258–71.

McGill, G, Oyedele, L O and McAllister, K (2015) An investigation of indoor air quality, thermal comfort and sick building syndrome symptoms in UK energy efficient homes. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 329-48.

Nadim, W (2016) Live-work and adaptable housing in Egypt: A zero commuting concept, lessons learnt from informal developments. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 289-302.

Nguyen, N T H and Dang, H T (2019) Adaptation of “participatory method” in design “for/with/by” the poor community in Tam Thanh, Quang Nam, Vietnam. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 272–82.

Nikou, T and Klotz, L (2014) Application of multi-attribute utility theory for sustainable energy decisions in commercial buildings: A case study. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 207-22.

Oyewole, M O, Ojutalayo, A A and Araloyin, F M (2019) Developers’ willingness to invest in green features in Abuja, Nigeria. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 206–19.

Rahmouni, S and Smail, R (2019) A design approach towards sustainable buildings in Algeria. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 229–45.

Rasdorf, W, Lewis, P, Arocho, I and Hummer, J (2015) Characterizing air pollutant emissions for highway construction projects. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 4(03), 315-28.

Rodriguez, B X, Simonen, K, Huang, M and De Wolf, C (2019) A taxonomy for Whole Building Life Cycle Assessment (WBLCA). Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 190–205.

Roggema, R (2019) Towards sustainable cities: about redundancy, voids and the potentials of the land. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 283–306.

Rwelamila, P M D and Purushottam, N (2016) Strategic project management as an innovative approach for sustainable green campus buildings in Africa: The need for a paradigm shift. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 5(03), 261-71.

Sidawi, B and Deakin, M (2013) Diabetes, built environments and (un)healthy lifestyles: The potential of smart city technologies. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 311-23.

Smits, M W M (2019) Toward self-reliant development. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 9(03), 321–39.

Subasinghe, C (2019) Forsake me not: balcony spaces in codes and cues among on-campus apartment dwellers. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 8(03), 253–66.

Surf, M S A, Trigunarsyah, B and Susilawati, C (2013) Saudi Arabia's sustainable housing limitations: the experts’ views. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 2(03), 251-71.

Wågø, S and Berker, T (2014) Architecture as a strategy for reduced energy consumption? An in-depth analysis of residential practices’ influence on the energy performance of passive houses. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 192-206.

Wong, I L, Eames, P and Perera, S (2012) Energy simulations of a transparent-insulated office façade retrofit in London, UK. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 253-76.

Yau, Y (2012) Eco-labels and willingness-to-pay: a Hong Kong study. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1(03), 277-90.

Zhai, X, Reed, R and Mills, A (2014) Addressing sustainable challenges in China: The contribution of off-site industrialisation. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 3(03), 261-74.